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1. a) A (2 words) is a lens which (1 word) rays of light which are traveling parallel to its principal axis and it is (1 word)  across their middle and (1 word) at their upper and lower edges.

b) A (2 words) is a lens which (1 word) rays of light which are traveling parallel to its principal axis and it is   (1 word) across their middle and (1 word) at their upper and lower edges.

2. a) A double concave lens is (1 word) across both its  horizontal and vertical axis; it is a (1 word) lens being (1 word) across its middle and (1 word) rays of light which travel parallel to its principal axis.

b) A double concave lens is also symmetrical across both its (3 words) axis; it is a (1 word) lens being (1 word) across its middle and (1 word) rays of light which travel parallel to its principal axis.

3. Use the following diagram to answer the questions below:

a) The (2 words) is an imaginary line passing through the center of the sphere (from which the lens was cut) and attaching to the mirror in the exact center of the lens.

b) The vertical axis is an imaginary line which (1 word) the symmetrical lens in two.

c) The focal points are the (1 word) points on either face of the lens toward which an incident ray traveling parallel to the principal axis will either (1 word) (for a concave lens) or (1 word)  (for a convex lens).

d) The distance from the lens to the (2 words) is known as the focal length.

e) The 2F point of a lens (corresponds to the (3 words) of a mirror) and it is the point on the principal axis which is (1 word) as far from the vertical axis as the focal point is.

4. Make sure you understand the below diagram and are able to draw it yourself, without any outside help.

a) At the first boundary the light ray is passing from air (a (1 word) optically dense medium) into glass (a (1 word) optically dense medium); it bends (1 word) the normal line; this is the (abbreviation) FST principle of refraction.

b) At the second boundary the light ray is passing from glass (a (1 word) optically dense medium) into air (a (1 word) optically dense medium); it bends (2 words) the normal line; this is the (abbreviation) principle of refraction.

5. Refraction Rules for a Converging Lens

a) Any incident ray traveling parallel to the principal axis of a converging lens will refract through the lens and travel through the  (2 words) on the   (1 word) side of the lens.

b) Any incident ray traveling through the focal point on the way to the lens will refract through the lens and travel (1 word) to the principal axis.

6.  Make sure you understand the below diagram and are able to draw it yourself, without any outside help.

7. Refraction Rule for a Diverging Lens

a) Any incident ray traveling parallel to the principal axis of a diverging lens will refract through the lens and travel in line with the focal point (i.e., in a direction such that its (1 word) will pass through the focal point).

b) Any incident ray traveling towards the focal point on the way to the lens will refract through the lens and travel (1 word) to the principal axis.

8. a) When the object is located at a location beyond the 2F point, the image of it in a convergent lens is located (4 words) of the lens being in terms of the type)  a  (1 word) image, (in terms of the orientation) being an (1 word)  image and being (1 word) in size.

b) When the object is located between 2F and F, the image of it in a convergent lens is located   (4 words) of the lens being in terms of the type) a  (1 word) image, (in terms of the orientation) being an (1 word) image and being (1 word) in size.

c) When the object is located in front of F (between F and the actual lens), the image of it in a convergent lens is located on the same (2 words) of the lens being in terms of the type) a  (1 word) image, (in terms of the orientation) being an (1 word) image and being (1 word) in size.

9. Regardless of different locations along the principal axis the image of an object in a divergent lens is located (1 word) the lens, (in terms of the type) is a  (1 word) image, (in terms of the orientation) is an (1 word) image and is (1 word) in size                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

10. Cartesian Sign Convention

a) All figures are drawn with light traveling from   (1 word) to  (1 word).

b) All distances are measured from a reference surface, such as a wavefront or a refracting surface. Distances to the left of the surface are (1 word).

c) The focal length of a surface that makes light rays more convergent  is (1 word).

d) The distance of a real object is   (1 word).

e) The distance of a real image is   (1 word).

f) Heights above the optic axis are   (1 word).

g) Angles measured clockwise from the optic axis are   (1 word).

11.  a)  The (2 words) below, expresses the quantitative relationship between the (2 words) (d_o), the   (2 words) (d_i), and the (2 words) (f).

b) The (2 words) relates the ratio of the (5 words) to the  ratio of the (5 word).

12. a) The telescope makes use of two (1 word) lenses: the objective, which forms the image of a distant object at its (2 words), and the eyepiece, which acts as a simple magnifier to view the image formed by the objective. The length of the telescope is equal to the sum of the (7 words).

b) The angular magnification is the ratio of the objective focal length divided by the eyepiece focal length (formula), giving an (1 word) image.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                13. A  microscope uses  two positive lenses, too: a very (1 word) focal length objective lens to form a greatly (1 word) image. This image is then viewed with a (1 word) focal length eyepiece used as a simple magnifier. The image should be formed at (1 word) to minimize eyestrain.